In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Crude Leaf Extract of Psidium guajava L. on Clinical Isolates of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Published: 2023-05-16
Page: 39-45
Issue: 2023 - Volume 6 [Issue 1]
Onuoha Udumma Nsofor
Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Alaebo Prince Ogochukwu *
Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Ukpabi-ugo Jacinta Chigozie
Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Enya Emmanuel
Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Okakpu Joseph Chinemelu
Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Anah Joel Okwuchukwu
Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Ugwu Paschal
Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
Okolie Jennifer Chisom
Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Onwuatuelo Chizitere Onyinye
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, P.M.B. 01129, Enugu State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study looks at the chemical makeup and antibacterial activity of a methanol crude leaf extract of Psidium guajava Linn against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from FMC Umuahia, Abia State, that are resistant to multiple drugs. For further antibacterial testing, we chose strains that showed resistance to every antibiotic we tried. Inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of methanol and water extracts were determined to be 625 ug/ml and 7.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC for methanol extracts was 1.25 mg/ml, whereas the MBC for aqueous extracts was 12.5 mg/ml. The maximum bactericidal concentration of methanol extract was found to suppress the development of the MDR strain by 85%. Results from a time-kill study showed that mat methanol extract (5 mg/ml) was effective against MDR bacteria within 10 hours. The extract showed potent protein degradative activity when tested on the total polypeptide profiles of bacterial cultures using SDS-PAGE. Last but not least, a human red blood cell (RBC)-based hemolytic test demonstrated no hemolysis at doses greater than MBC, supporting its safety for therapeutic application.
Keywords: Bactericidal, haemolysis, MDR strains, Psidium guajava, Staphylococcus aureus