Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

Although the importance of respiration and photosynthesis to plants is well-established, the antioxidant system's response to abiotic stresses remains an area of intense interest in the study of physiological stress. While reports and reviews have been conducted on a single important metabolic process and its reaction to climate change, there has been little coverage of an integrated study that would include several biological processes at different scales. Along with other important abiotic stresses like drought, heat, nitrogen limitation, and ozone pollution, this review will provide a synthesis of the mechanisms to elevated CO2 and its responses at various scales, including cellular, molecular, physiological, and biochemical, and individual aspects. While it contains what has been well-established in earlier reviews, the current comprehensive evaluation may contribute considerable and pertinent information about the issue in recent research. An introduction to the essential biological processes and a synopsis of their functions in controlling the environment follows. The second part of the article discusses the current state of study on the many subtopics, such as how plants adjust their antioxidant system, respiration, and photosynthetic capacity to either CO2 enrichment or other forms of climate change. In the end, we go over some of the possible uses for plant responses to different degrees of climate change. aided by this review, which is currently of paramount concern on a global scale.